Recent research revealed that low-noise, high-gain, and low- power CMOS optical receivers can be designed by limiting the bandwidth of the front-end followed by equalization tech- niques that benefit from good switching characteristics offered by CMOS technologies. Abstract—The integration of optical receivers in nanoscale CMOS technologies is challenging due to less intrinsic gain and more noise compared to SiGe BiCMOS technologies. OSNR for each level and for complete signal can be defined The signal at the output of an optical amplifier in response to a noise free signal at the input is The following formulation accounts for all noise terms that can be treated as Gaussian. Sara Radfar A Thesis in The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Applied Science (Electrical Engineering) at Concordia University Montréal, Québec, Canada July 2025 © Sara Radfar, 2025 CONCORDIAUNIVERSITY. This paper presents an optimized design methodology for an inductor-less 28-Gb/s NRZ optical receiver (ORx) analog front-end (AFE) using the Berkeley Analog Generator (BAG) in 28-nm CMOS technology. With the increasing demand for high-speed data transmission in optical inter-connects, achieving an. In the intensity-modulation/direct-detection (IM-DD) system, the intensity modula-tion means that information is carried only by the intensity or power of the transmitted lightwave, not by its frequency or phase. The term direct detection refers to the receiver configuration, where the received.
