Oscillator used in optical modules
Optical modules require ultra-low jitter differential oscillators, typically in the 156.25 MHz to 625 MHz range, with LVDS or LVPECL outputs depending on module design.
Key Requirements
Ultra-low jitter: Optical modules, especially high-speed ones like 100G to 800G QSFP, OSFP, and CFP2, rely on digital signal processors (DSPs) that demand reference clocks with extremely low phase noise and jitter, often below 60 femtoseconds, to minimize bit error rates and maintain signal integrity . Frequency range: Common reference frequencies include 156.25 MHz, 312.5 MHz, 644.53125 MHz, and other multiples derived from Ethernet/SerDes architectures. The exact frequency must match the module chipset or PHY requirements . Output logic:
- LVDS (Low Voltage Differential Signaling): Preferred for compact modules with tight power budgets due to lower power consumption .
- LVPECL (Low Voltage Positive Emitter-Coupled Logic): Used when higher swing and stronger edge integrity are required for high-speed SerDes/CDR paths . Package size and power: Oscillators are available in very small packages (e.g., 2.5 × 1.6 mm) to fit space-constrained optical modules, with low power dissipation to maintain thermal stability . Technology options:
- Quartz crystal oscillators: Provide high stability and low jitter.
- MEMS oscillators: Offer ultra-low phase noise, excellent immunity to power supply noise, and wide temperature operation, suitable for 400G–800G modules .
Selection Guidelines
- Match the module's reference clock frequency as specified by the PHY or DSP.
- Choose LVDS or LVPECL output based on the module's power budget and SerDes/CDR input requirements.
- Consider ultra-low jitter options (e.g., sub-60 fs) for high-speed modules to ensure signal integrity and minimize bit error rates .
- Verify package size and thermal performance to ensure compatibility with the optical module's form factor and operating environment. By selecting a differential oscillator that meets these criteria, optical modules can achieve reliable high-speed data transmission with minimal signal degradation.
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