Principle of Manual Optical Cable Mounting Machine

A manual optical cable mounting machine operates by controlling the tension and direction of the cable during installation, using mechanical pulling, swivels, and grips to prevent fiber damage.

Basic Principle

The manual optical cable mounting machine is designed to assist in the controlled installation of optical fiber cables, particularly in ducts or conduits. Its core principle is to apply a steady pulling force to the cable while monitoring tension to prevent exceeding the cable's maximum allowable pulling load, which could damage the fibers . The machine typically uses a capstan or drum system to guide the cable and maintain uniform tension.

Key Components and Function

• Pulling Capstan or Drum: The cable is fed over a rotating drum or capstan, which provides the pulling force. The operator can manually control the speed and direction of the pull.
• Swivel Pulling Eyes: These are attached to the cable's strength members to prevent twisting during installation, ensuring the optical fibers remain undamaged .
• Cable Mesh Pulling Grips: These grips distribute the tensile load evenly along the cable jacket or strength member, reducing stress on the fibers .
• Load Monitoring: Some manual machines incorporate a load-sensing mechanism or electronic load cell to measure the actual tension applied, allowing the operator to stay within safe limits .
• Guides and Rollers: These help direct the cable along the intended path, reducing friction and preventing sharp bends that could exceed the minimum bending radius.

Operational Steps

1. Route Survey and Preparation: Inspect the duct or conduit, verify cable length, and ensure pulling ropes or rods are in place .
2. Attachment of Pulling Accessories: Connect the cable to the pulling grips and swivel eyes, ensuring proper alignment with the machine.
3. Controlled Pulling: The operator manually rotates the capstan or drum, pulling the cable through the duct while monitoring tension and speed.
4. Slack Management: Maintain appropriate slack at manholes or junction points to accommodate thermal expansion and future maintenance .
5. Safety Checks: Ensure personnel are clear of tensioned cables, and verify that the cable is not twisted or kinked during installation .

Advantages

• Suitable for short cable runs or areas where powered machinery is impractical.
• Provides precise control over cable tension and placement.
• Reduces the risk of fiber damage through controlled pulling and proper use of grips and swivels.

Limitations

• Manual operation is generally limited to short sections, typically less than 100 meters between access points .
• Requires careful monitoring to avoid exceeding the cable's maximum pulling tension.
• Not recommended for high fiber count or microcables, which are more sensitive to pulling stress. In summary, the principle of a manual optical cable mounting machine is to mechanically pull the cable in a controlled manner, using grips, swivels, and tension monitoring to ensure safe installation while protecting the integrity of the optical fibers .